Sting as the author and distribute the copies and derivative works under the same licenses that the ones stated below. Nearly a century ago, in 1912, the german geologist alfred wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the earths crust slowly drift atop a liquid core. A place where folded and thrust faulted mountains form. Plate tectonics in this crosssection through the earths crust, tectonic plates are shown pushing together, sliding past one another, sliding one underneath the other or moving apart. Crust is continuously being regenerated and removed. Internet archive contributor internet archive language english. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth move and deform. The earth is the only planet known to currently have plate tectonics. This new method represents a distinct departure from classical continental drift reconstructions, which are not constrained, due to the lack of plate boundaries.
Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of. Students will read contentrich texts, visit the david s. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the earths surface is divided into rigid. The concept of global plate tectonics is a unifying theme in modern geology that integrates the earlier ideas of continental drift, seafloor spread, and mountain building to explain why the present ocean floor, which covers only 71% of earths surface area, has. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the crust, the outer shell of the earth. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the earth. Turn your folded paper so that the open end of the fold is facing you.
If nothing else you could use it as a sketching tool for a 3d view of a world and ignore the plate drift parts oh, and load the sample data and watch the last 140ma of earth tectonics. Its depth varies from 7080 kilometres 4050 miles below the oceans to 100150 kilometres 6090 miles below the continents. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics. Nearly a century ago, in 1912, the german geologist alfred wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the earths crust slowly drift atop a. Create a piece of art model, sculpture, painting, drawing on plate tectonics and include a 5 paragraph explanation of your art. Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of earth structures or tectonic features.
Plate tectonics and your community performance task. Continental drift, paleomagnetism, and plate tectonics. As plates move, the new crust gradually moves away from the ridge. This substantially revised edition includes recently published information relating to plate tectonics and continental origin. Authors personal copy a planetary perspective on earth evolution. Plate tectonics plate tectonics is the unifying theory of geology and revolutionized geology cornerstone of earthsystem approach. In the 1960, new technologies such as sonar provided new data that supported wegeners theory of moving plates. Some of the most dramatic changes in earths crust, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, happen along plate bounda ries. Plate tectonics is the surface manifestation of mantle convection, but the large contrast in viscosities between the lithosphere and the deeper mantle leads to departures from a simple boiling pot. In light of this theoretical understanding, i then discuss relevant geological observations, such as plate tectonics indicators and the secular evolution of metamorphism, together with the possibility of intermittent plate tectonics.
Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample draw. Plate convergence vectors referenced from united states geological survey. The theoretical part ends with a summary of the possibility of plate tectonics in the early earth. Tectonic plates plate boundary referenced from bird, peter 2003 an updated digital model of plate boundaries. America draw and label an oceanicoceanic boundary draw and label an oceaniccontinental boundary notes. The collision of india with eurasia is an example of continent to continent collision. Ms word and pdf versions of this document are located at. Seismic and tomographic information documents two major ways slabs can break. Continental platecontinental plate convergence when two continents collide, neither one will subduct into the mantle. Any use of this map can be made as long as you credit me eric gaba wikimedia commons user. Indeed, the notion that the entire earths surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we view our world. Plate tectonics the earths crust is divided into 12 major plates which are moved in various directions. Chapter10 plate tectonics boiling springs high school. Plate tectonics, the study of such relative motions and their consequences, allows relating surface, geological and geophysical structures with quantified movements attributed to deep processes of the earths heat engine.
Plate tectonics, the study of such relative motions and. There are three principal types of plate boundary divergent, convergent, and transform. Again a deep trench is formed, and a volcanic mountain chain usually forms on the land example. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia plate tectonics from greek, tekton builder or mason describes the large.
Use webbased or other technology tools to show connections and patterns in data about tectonic plate boundaries and earthquakes. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. A large number of new figures have been added, and new sections included on meteorites, seismic tomography, mantle convection, accretionary terranes, mantle sources and evolution, continental growth, secular changes in earth history, also a new chapter on exogenic. Plate tectonics, our major paradigm for how the earth works, was established in the 1960ies following decades of observational research that culminated in key discoveries such as geomagnetic.
For todays lesson, i collected, printed, and attached plate tectonics pictures to the anchor chart so that students can make connections between the pictures and newly learned information. New oceanic crust is formed through magma rising through the gap and cooling. Later studies by katili 1971 and hamilton 1979 interpreted the evolution of indonesia in terms of plate tectonics. The yellow arrows show which way the plates are moving. Plate boundaries may be in the middle of an ocean basin, around the edges of continents, or even within continents.
Tectonic plates arizona geographic alliance school of geographical sciences and urban planning arizona state university cartographer. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The earths crust is divided into plates which are moved in various directions. Initiation and evolution of plate tectonics on earth. Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample. Choose from 500 different sets of plate tectonics continental drift questions flashcards on quizlet.
Convergence data are shown by arrows describing direction and speed, relative to the plate across the boundary. Plate tectonics qfiles the online library of knowledge. The earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the solid central core, the fluid peripheral core, the viscous mantle, and the solid. Continental drift 1912 alfred wegener meteorologist theory. Since the theory of plate tectonics was first introduced, how far has the tectonic plate were standing on moved. A message with a reply address would also be greatly appreciated. Download charlotte luongo ebook file free of charge and this book pdf found at saturday 29th of december 2012 03. The movements of plates over millions of years resulted in the opening and closure of oceans and the formation and disassembly of continents. The greatest revolution in 20th century understanding of how our planet works, known as plate tectonics, happened in the 1960s, and has been so profound that it can be likened to the huge advances in physics that followed einsteins theory of relativity. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plate boundaries which subsequently create midocean ridges. Geomorphology and plate tectonics california state parks ca. Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries such as the oceanic. Notes on plate tectonics plate tectonics states that the earths crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates. Plate tectonic simulator with earth data as sample draw your worlds plates and more.
Together they make up the layer known as the lithosphere. Earths crust and part of the upper mantle are broken into plates, or sections, that move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle. Well, i wanted a world that would be possible so i figured out what i needed and built the plate tectonics around that. This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. Each plate consists of a piece of the earths outer layer, the crust, plus a thin layer of outer mantle that lies beneath it. They move atop the underlying mantle, a really thick layer of hot flowing rock. Plate tectonics is a book of exercises and background information that introduces and demonstrates the basics of the subject. Gottesman hall of planet earth and use what they have learned to complete a ccssaligned writing task, creating an illustrated text about how plate tectonics plays a role in specific earth formations. Earth science plate tectonics earth science 4 read and complete the passage with the reference to the appropriate picture. Takehome messages earths geology is dominated by the processes of plate tectonics. Most of these occur at the diverging plate boundary that. Plate boundaries are marked by numerous volcanoes and earthquakes. While the earths tectonic plates are in constant motion, the rigid upper layers of. Learn plate tectonics continental drift questions with free interactive flashcards.
Plate tectonics pdf ebook plate tectonics read online and download ebook plate tectonics. Earths crust and upper mantle are divided into plates. Rocks found on the ocean floor show that molten material hardened quickly, proving that lava does come up through the ocean floor. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. To explain the theory of plate tectonics and present the information in a creative format. In this exercise, the students will examine the pattern of earthquakes and volcanoes at occur in the atlantic ocean. Piper geomagnetism laboratory, geology and geophysics, school of environmental sciences, university of liverpool, liverpool l69 7ze, uk. The most potent geologic forces in landscape formation are explained by the theory of plate tectonics. The pattern of occurrence of these events is one of the key pieces of evidence for plate tectonics. Check out our image of the presentday plate boundaries. Plate tectonics the tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. A plate tectonic model for the paleozoic and mesozoic.
From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia plate tectonics from greek, tekton. Plates are composed of the crust and a part of the upper mantle, these two parts together are called the lithosphere. The chapter challenge asks students to think about how they can use the theory of plate tectonics to help middle school students understand scientific theories. The concept of global plate tectonics is a unifying theme in modern geology that integrates the earlier ideas of continental drift, seafloor spread, and mountain building to explain why the present ocean floor, which covers only 71% of earths surface area, has plate tectonics reveals that the lithosphere is divided into eight major pieces plates with several smaller plates fig. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the. Plate movement is driven by convection in earths mantle. In a lively and lucid manner, it brings together a great deal of material in spherical trigonometry that is necessary to understand plate tectonics and the research literature written about it. Tectonic plates california institute of technology.
Description of plates data format for gplates and other users convert. By 1968, the concepts of continental drift and seafloor spreading were united to form the theory of plate tectonics. In the 1960s, scientists developed a new theory that combined continental drift and seafloor spreading. Subsequently, the caribbean plate moved along major strikeslip faults into a preexistent jurassic proto caribbean basin between north and south america. Plate tectonics is a scientific theory describing the largescale motion of seven large plates and. Plasienka geological institute, slovak academy of sciences, slovakia keywords.
We now know that, directly or indirectly, plate tectonics influences nearly all geologic processes, past and present. Indeed, the notion that the entire earths surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we. The layer below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere. The plates are mobile, moving in constant, slow motion measured in rates of centimeters per year. Frank taylor first proposed this idea in 1910, alexander du toit later in 1937, harry hess explored the geomorphology of the seafloor by ship in 1960s.
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